Wary Pacific awaits Trump stance on climate and China

Pacific island nations at the centre of a strategic rivalry between the US and China that brought infrastructure and funding hope president-elect Donald Trump stays engaged in the region but are wary of competition spilling into confrontation, diplomats say.

A 2023 defence deal giving the US military access to ports and airfields across Papua New Guinea came with a pledge of $US3.5 billion (A5.5 billion) in infrastructure, equipment and training, according to Papua New Guinean Foreign Minister Justin Tkatchenko, publicly disclosing an investment figure for the US defence deal for the first time.

PNG will continue to trade with China even as US military ties increase, he also told a resources conference in Sydney this week, highlighting a key worry among Pacific leaders about Trump's tougher approach towards Beijing.

"The main concern is the Pacific doesn't want to be forced into a position where it has to choose," Meg Taylor, the secretary-general of the Pacific Islands Forum regional bloc during the first Trump administration, told Reuters.

Washington was in "acute strategic competition" with China in the Pacific Ocean, where Beijing hopes to establish a military base, US Deputy Secretary of State Kurt Campbell said in November.

He urged the incoming Trump administration to not withdraw from the region, where Biden has opened embassies and increased coastguard patrols and aid.

While the US has long held close defence ties with northern Pacific islands near its military base on Guam, Biden had sought to catch up to China's influence-building in the South Pacific.

US Secretary of Defence Lloyd Austin visited Fiji in November, opening negotiations for a military agreement. The defence deal with PNG, the most populous Pacific Island country, was signed last year in response to a Chinese security pact with Solomon Islands.

It was "wait and see" on Trump, PNG's Tkatchenko said on Monday, while noting that work on the defence agreement had already started with runways, wharfs and fuel storage facilities under construction.

"That agreement is over $3.5 billion in investment in infrastructure development, training, equipment for the benefit of security in our region," he said.

A US State Department spokesman said the agreement "aims to address shared defence and security challenges in Papua New Guinea", and "does not have a dollar amount associated with it".

Trump's pick for secretary of state, Marco Rubio, is a China hawk who previously pressed the need to block Beijing from building the subsea cables that connect Pacific Islands, and is likely to maintain a focus on the region, Pacific analysts and diplomats said.

"During his past presidency Trump demonstrated he understood the strategic importance of the Pacific, given its close proximity to the US, shared ocean borders, and critical military and telecommunication assets in the North Pacific," said Meg Keen, senior fellow for the Lowy Institute's Pacific Islands Program.

US diplomacy with island states on the front line of sea level rise could be complicated by Trump's threats to withdraw from the Paris Agreement climate pact, however.

"The climate issues are the most important issues for the region, that is the fundamental security issue for the Pacific and we know that President Trump doesn't believe in climate change," said Taylor, the former regional bloc leader.

Other diplomats said US funding for climate adaptation projects vital to small Pacific states was likely to continue, even if rebadged.

Pacific leaders balancing ties with Beijing and Washington were also bracing for Rubio's tough talk on China.

"More confrontation in the Pacific will not be welcome and could work against the US," said Keen.

"A Trump administration might take a harder line, but the art of the deal is not to alienate leaders important to regional security."